PART I Foundations
Chapter 1 Software Engineering ... 1
Competencies.......................................1
1.1 Software Engineering .......................2
1.1.1 An Overview of Software Engineering...............................2
1.1.2 Software Process Model ............4
1.1.3 Phases of Software Development ... 7
1.1.4 Methodology of Software Development .............................9
1.2 Software Requirements.....................9
1.2.1 What Are Software Requirements?......................... 10
1.2.2 Categories of Software Requirements .......................... 10
1.2.3 Requirement Engineering (RE) Process ................................... 11
1.2.4 Software Requirement Specification (SRS) ................. 12
1.3 Designing the System..................... 13
1.3.1 The Goals of Designing Phase .... 14
1.3.2 The Design Process ................. 14
1.3.3 Software Designing Concepts..... 14
1.3.4 Developing a Design Model..... 17
1.4 Testing the System ......................... 18
1.4.1 Software Testing Fundamentals ... 18
1.4.2 Different Levels of Testing...... 19
1.4.3 Types of Testing Technique..... 21
1.5 Software Reengineering ................. 22
1.5.1 Origin of Reengineering.......... 23
1.5.2 A Software Reengineering Model ..................................... 24
1.5.3 Software Reengineering Activities................................ 25
Concepts............................................ 28
Terms .............................................. 29
Reading 1 Cloud-Based Software Crowdsourcing ................ 32
Reading 2 Test Driven Development ... 34
Reading 3 AiXcoder ........................ 36
Multiple Choice ..................................... 37
True/False Questions.............................. 39
Fill in the Blanks ................................... 39
Chapter 2 Mobile Computers.....41
Competencies..................................... 41
2.1 An Overview of Mobile Computers ... 42
2.1.1 Types of Mobile Computers .... 42
2.1.2 Features of Mobile Computers.... 44
2.1.3 CPU Architectures of Mobile Computers .............................. 45
2.1.4 Mobile Operating Systems ...... 46
2.1.5 Mobile Apps........................... 48
2.2 Smartphones.................................. 49
2.2.1 Functions................................ 49
2.2.2 iPhone .................................... 51
2.2.3 Huawei Smartphones............... 54
2.3 Android Operating System ............. 56
2.3.1 The Origin of Android............. 56
2.3.2 Android User Interface ............ 57
2.3.3 Android Architecture............... 58
Concepts ............................................ 60
Terms ............................................... 60
Reading 1 Future Developments for Smartphones .................... 63
Reading 2 Smartphones and Poor Sight................................ 64
Reading 3 Android Software Development Tools .......... 64
Multiple Choice...................................... 66
True/False Questions .............................. 68
Fill in the Blanks.................................... 68
Chapter 3 Data Management and Databases .......... 70
Competencies..................................... 70
3.1 An Overview of Database Systems..... 71
3.1.1 The Fundamental Concepts of Database ................................. 71
3.1.2 Evolution of Database Technology ............................. 73
3.1.3 Advantages of Database Management Systems (DBMSs)... 74
3.1.4 Data Models............................ 75
3.1.5 Entity-Relationship Model....... 76
3.1.6 Levels of Abstraction in a DBMS..................................... 77
3.2 Relational Databases ...................... 78
3.2.1 Overview of Relational Database ................................. 79
3.2.2 Integrity Constraints over Relation .................................. 80
3.2.3 Relational Algebra .................. 81
3.3 Database Design ............................ 83
3.3.1 Requirements Analysis............ 83
3.3.2 Conceptual Database Design ... 84
3.3.3 Logical Database Design ......... 84
3.3.4 Schema Refinement ................ 85
3.3.5 Physical Database Design........ 85
3.3.6 Application and Security Design .................................... 85
3.4 Main Memory Databases .............. 86
3.4.1 An Overview of Main Memory Database ................................. 86
3.4.2 The Evolution of Main Memory Database ................................. 87
3.4.3 The Key Technology of Main Memory Databases.................. 89
Concepts............................................ 92
Terms .............................................. 93
Reading 1 KingbaseES .................... 95
Reading 2 MongoDB ....................... 97
Multiple Choice ................................... 100
True/False Questions............................ 102
Fill in the Blanks ................................. 103
Chapter 4 Networking and Security ....................... 104
Competencies................................... 104
4.1 LAN ............................................ 105
4.1.1 Ethernet LAN ....................... 105
4.1.2 Packets—Data Transmission ... 105
4.1.3 Ethernet—Sending One Packet ................................... 106
4.1.4 Wi-Fi .................................... 107
4.1.5 A Summary of Ethernet Design .................................. 107
4.2 TCP/IP......................................... 108
4.2.1 IP Address ............................ 108
4.2.2 Domain Names...................... 109
4.2.3 Router................................... 109
4.2.4 What Does It Mean to Be on the Internet? ............................... 109
4.2.5 Ping ...................................... 110
4.2.6 Traceroute ............................ 110
4.3 Security ....................................... 110
4.3.1 Computer—A Castle ............. 111
4.3.2 Password Attacks .................. 111
4.3.3 Phishing Attacks ................... 113
4.3.4 Malware Attacks ................... 114
4.3.5 Safety Recap ......................... 116
Concepts .......................................... 116
Terms ............................................. 117
Reading 1 Networking ................... 118
Reading 2 TCP/IP .......................... 120
Multiple Choice.................................... 122
True/False Questions ............................ 124
Fill in the Blanks.................................. 125
Part II New Technologies
Chapter 5 Deep Learning .......... 126
Competencies................................... 126
5.1 Evolution of Neural Network........ 127
5.1.1 Deep Learning and Neural Network ................................ 127
5.1.2 The First Wave of Neural Network Research ................. 128
5.1.3 The Second Wave of Neural Network Research ................. 129
5.1.4 The Third Wave of Neural Network Research ................. 129
5.2 Structure of Deep Neural Network ... 130
5.2.1 Hierarchical Structure ........... 131
5.2.2 Neurons................................ 131
5.2.3 Computing............................ 131
5.3 Categories of Deep Neural Network....................................... 131
5.3.1 Feedforward Neural Network (FNN)................................... 132
5.3.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) .................................. 132
5.3.3 Recursive Neural Network (RNN) .................................. 133
5.4 Applications of Deep Learning ..... 133
5.4.1 Automatic Speech Recognition .......................... 134
5.4.2 Computer Vision................... 135
5.4.3 Natural Language Processing ... 135
Concepts.......................................... 136
Terms ............................................ 137
Reading 1 iFlytek: The Voice of AI... 139
Reading 2 Deep Learning Transforming the Retail Industry .......... 142
Reading 3 Providing Better Customer Service Strategy ............ 142
Multiple Choice ................................... 143
True/False Questions............................ 145
Fill in the Blanks.................................. 146
Chapter 6 Big Data....................... 147
Competencies................................... 147
6.1 Big Data Basics ........................... 148
6.1.1 Big Data and Its Properties.... 148
6.1.2 Categories of Big Data .......... 150
6.1.3 Big Value of Big Data ........... 151
6.1.4 Jim Gray’s Fourth Paradigm.... 153
6.1.5 Evolution of Data Management.......................... 154
6.1.6 Big Data Challenges.............. 156
6.2 Big Data Technologies ................. 157
6.2.1 Big Data Acquisition and PreProcessing............................. 157
6.2.2 Big Data Management ........... 159
6.2.3 Big Data Analysis ................. 161
6.2.4 Big Data Visualization .......... 161
6.3 Big Data Systems......................... 162
6.3.1 Batch Data Processing System .................................. 162
6.3.2 Streaming Data Processing System .................................. 164
6.3.3 Graph Data Processing System .................................. 164
Concepts .......................................... 166
Terms ............................................. 166
Reading 1 How Hadoop Can Be Used ...................................170
Reading 2 A Multi-Stage Filtering Strategy for Audio Retrieval........................ 171
Reading 3 Transwarp Manager : Domestic Big Data Management System ........................... 172
Multiple Choice ................................... 174
True/False Questions............................ 177
Fill in the Blanks ................................. 179
Chapter 7 Blockchain .................. 181
Competencies................................... 181
7.1 Concept and Development of Blockchain .................................. 182
7.1.1 The Origin of the Blockchain ... 182
7.1.2 Blockchain and the Modern Industrial Field ..................... 183
7.2 The Core of Blockchain ............... 185
7.2.1 The Consensus Mechanism.... 185
7.2.2 Blockchain and Cryptography ........................ 187
7.3 Blockchain Applications .............. 188
7.3.1 Blockchain and Energy Internet................................. 189
7.3.2 Blockchain and Internet of Things .................................. 190
Concepts.......................................... 191
Terms ............................................ 192
Reading 1 Bitcoin and Ethereum .... 194
Reading 2 Blockchain and Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading............. 196
Reading 3 The Energy Blockchain in China ............................ 197
Multiple Choice ................................... 199
True/False Questions............................ 201
Fill in the Blanks.................................. 202
Chapter 8 Artificial Intelligence ................. 203
Competencies................................... 203
8.1 History ........................................ 204
8.1.1 Precursors............................. 204
8.1.2 The Birth of Artificial Intelligence ........................... 205
8.1.3 AI’s Golden Years and Its Boom .................................... 205
8.2 Research Goals ............................ 207
8.2.1 The Short-Term Goal ............ 207
8.2.2 The Long-Term Goals ........... 207
8.3 Major Researches on AI ............... 208
8.3.1 Deduction, Reasoning, and Problem Solving.................... 208
8.3.2 Knowledge Representation .... 209
8.3.3 Automated Planning and Scheduling ............................ 209
8.3.4 Machine Learning ................. 209
8.3.5 Natural Language Processing... 210
8.3.6 Robotics ............................... 210
8.3.7 AI Game ............................... 211
8.4 Applications of AI...................... 212
8.4.1 Apple Watch/Siri .................. 212
8.4.2 Google Atlas5 ....................... 213
8.4.3 ABB’s YuMi ......................... 214
8.4.4 Leonardo’s Robot.................. 214
Concepts .......................................... 215
Terms ............................................. 216
Reading 1 Virtual Reality .............. 218
Reading 2 Knowledge-Based (Expert) System .......................... 219
Reading 3 Artificial Intelligence in China ............................ 220
Multiple Choice ................................... 220
True/False Questions............................ 222
Fill in the Blanks ................................. 223
Chapter 9 Internet of Things .... 224
Competencies................................... 224
9.1 Definition of Internet of Things ... 225
9.1.1 Origin of the Concept of Internet of Things .............................. 225
9.1.2 Common Definition of Internet of Things .............................. 225
9.1.3 Development of Internet of Things .................................. 226
9.2 Technologies of Internet of Things ......................................... 229
9.2.1 Wireless Sensor Network ...... 229
9.2.2 Embedded System................. 232
9.2.3 RFID .................................... 235
9.2.4 Other Technologies............... 238
9.3 Applications of Internet of Things ......................................... 239
9.3.1 Food ..................................... 239
9.3.2 Health .................................. 240
9.3.3 Intelligent Home ................... 242
Concepts.......................................... 243
Terms ............................................ 243
Reading 1 Classification of Internet of Things........................... 246
Reading 2 Architecture of Internet of Things ........................... 248
Reading 3 The Internet of Things in China............................. 249
Multiple Choice ................................... 250
True/False Questions............................ 252
Fill in the Blanks ................................. 253